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 Islam instructs man to use his powers of intelligence and
observation. Within a few years of the spread of Islam, great civilizations
and universities were flourishing. The synthesis of Eastern and Western ideas,
and of new thought with old, brought about great advances in medicine,
mathematics, physics, astronomy, geography, architecture, art, literature, and
history. Many crucial systems, such as algebra, the Arabic numerals, and the
concept of zero (vital to the advancement of mathematics), were transmitted to
medieval Europe from the Muslim world. Sophisticated instruments which were to
make possible the European voyages of discovery, such as the astrolabe, the
quadrant, and good navigational maps, were also developed by Muslims.
The Astrolabe: One of the most important
scientific instruments developed by Muslims which was also used widely in the
West until modern times.
Muslim physicians paid much attention to surgery and
developed many surgical instruments as seen in this old manuscript.
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